Note: هغه as a demonstrative pronoun (that) has initial stress whereas the personal pronoun (he, she, it) has final stress.In the following article stress is represented by the following markers over vowels: ә́, á, ā́, ú, ó, í and é. The dialects show some non-standard grammatical features, some of which are archaisms or descendants of old forms. In any of the past tenses (simple past, past progressive, present perfect, past perfect), Pashto is an ergative language i.e., transitive verbs in any of the past tenses agree with the object of the sentence. The verb system is very intricate with the following tenses: Present simple past past progressive present perfect and past perfect. Nouns and adjectives are inflected for gender (masc./fem.), number (sing./plur.), and case (direct, oblique, ablative and vocative). Pashto is an S-O-V language with split ergativity.
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